The massive uprising had by 1995 propelled Turkey into a state of civil war. Smaller Kurdish principalities (called the Kohyar, “mountain administrators”) however, preserved their autonomous existence into the 7th century and the coming of Islam.Several socio-economic revolutions in the garb of religious movements emerged in Kurdistan at this time, many due to the exploitation by central governments, some due to natural disasters.

By the end of 1991, they had become all but independent from Iraq. 1–58, 2009.Martin van Bruinessen, "The ethnic identity of the Kurds", in: G. S. Reynolds, "A Reflection on Two Qurʾānic Words (Iblīs and Jūdī), with Attention to the Theories of A. Mingana", Ilya Gershevitch, William Bayne Fisher, The Cambridge History of Iran: The Median and Achamenian Periods, 964 pp., Cambridge University Press, 1985, David N. Mackenzie, "The Origin of Kurdish", Transactions of the Philological Society, 1961, pp 68–86.Professor Garnik Asatrian (Yerevan University) (2009). According to the CIA Factbook they account for 18 percent of the Turkish population.The best available estimate of the number of persons in Turkey speaking the Kurdish language is about five million (1980). "Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds", James, B. Saladin et les Kurdes: Perceptions d’un Groupe au Temps des Croisades. compared three Jewish and three non-Jewish groups from the Middle East: Similarity to Europeans and peoples of the CaucasusSimilarity to Europeans and peoples of the CaucasusBooks from the early Islamic era, including those containing legends like the "The ethnic label "Kurd" is first encountered in Arabic sources from the first centuries of the Islamic era; it seemed to refer to a specific variety of pastoral nomadism, and possibly to a set of political units, rather than to a linguistic group: once or twice, "Arabic Kurds" are mentioned.

In 1945, Kurds set up a Kurdish republic at Mahabad in the Soviet, occupied zone in Iran.

These formed the aristocracy of the Mitani, Kassite, and Hittite kingdoms, while the common peoples there remained solidly Hurrian. On 1 October 1941, About half of all Kurds live in Turkey.

From 1984 to 1999, the PKK and the Turkish military engaged in open war, and much of the countryside in the southeast was depopulated, with Kurdish civilians moving to local defensible centers such as Kurds make up around 17% of Iraq's population. After defeating Bedr Khan, Bedr Khan's nephew was executed instead of becoming king as the Turks had promised.Kurdistan as an administrative entity had a brief and shaky existence of 17 years between 13 December 1847 (following In 1891, the activity of the Armenian Committees induced the Porte to strengthen the position of the Kurds by raising a body of Kurdish Kurdish nationalism emerged at the end of the 19th Century around the same time as Turks and Arabs began to embrace an ethnic sense of identity in place of earlier forms of solidarity such as the idea of Ottoman citizenship or membership of a religious community, or The Kurdish ethnonationalist movement that emerged following World War I and end of the Ottoman empire was largely reactionary to the changes taking place in mainstream Turkey, primarily radical Western powers (particularly the United Kingdom) fighting the Turks also promised the Kurds they would act as guarantors for Kurdish independence, a promise they subsequently broke. (1905) The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Genetically, Kurds are the descendants of all those who ever came to settle in Kurdistan, and not any one of them.

"A number of contemporary sources make note of this. Like their Kurdish descendents, they however did not expand too far from the mountains.

As a result of reforms inspired by the EU, music, radio and television broadcasts in Kurdish are now allowed albeit with severe time restrictions (for example, radio broadcasts can be no longer than sixty minutes per day nor can they constitute more than five hours per week while television broadcasts are subject to even greater restrictions). It lasted one year, until it was reoccupied by the Iranian army.

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